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Recent Specimens
These are the types of deformities Ballengee and Barron have found in their recent (1998-2002) surveys in Ohio. Further studies are needed to understand what is causing the deformities. Research suggests that many of the deformities found in the wild can be caused by a type of parasite called a trematode. Of the deformities missing limbs or limb segments are the most common encountered. These may be caused by trauma or predation attempts (i.e. fish, racoons or other predators). Other research suggests that the occurance of missing or partially grown limbs can be caused by increased ultra-violet radiation from ozone thinning or perhaps an unkown chemical culprit.
| Type of Deformity |
Specimen |

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Missing Limb
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American Bullfrog
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 16, 2001
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American Bullfrog
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 16, 2001
|
|

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Reduced or Missing Limb Segment
|
Pickerel frog
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 12, 2001
|
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American Bullfrog
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 16, 2001
|
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American Bullfrog
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 16, 2001
|
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American Bullfrog
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 16, 2001
|
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|
Northern Dusky salamander
Franklin County, Ohio
July 18, 2001
digital imaging courtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York
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|
Reduced or Missing Digits
|
Northern Dusky salamander
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 13, 2001
Digital imaging courtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York
|
|
Red-spotted newt
Athens County, Ohio
July 17, 2002
Digital imaging courtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York
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Northern Dusky salamander
Franklin County, Ohio
July 18, 2001
Digital imaging courtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York
|
|
Two-lined salamander
Franklin County, Ohio
July 18, 2001
Digital imaging c ourtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York
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|

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|
Exposed Bone
|
American toad
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 12, 2001
Digital imaging courtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York
|
|

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|
Fused Digits
|
American toad
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 12, 2001
Digital imaging courtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York
|
|

 |
|
Missing Eyes
|
Red-backed salamander
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 13, 2001
Digital imaging courtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York.
|
|
Red-spotted newt
Athens County, Ohio
July 17, 2002
Digital imaging courtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York
|
|

 |
|
Complete but Deformed Limb
|
Red-spotted newt
Athens County, Ohio
July 17, 2002
Digital imaging courtesy The Institute for Electronic Arts, School of Art and Design NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, New York
|
|
American Bullfrog
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 16, 2001
|
|
American Bullfrog
Fairfield County, Ohio
July 16, 2001
|
|

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|
Multiple Extra Limbs or Limb Elements
|
American Bullfrog
Fairfield County, Ohio
Collected August 1998
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Green frog
Fairfield County, Ohio
collected August 1998
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Green frog (Detail)
Fairfield County, Ohio
collected August 1998
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